Orson Welles :: essays research papers

Orson rise up& adenosine monophosphate9Orson Welles was an actor, producer, director, writer, and columnist who revolutionized the film industry by order movies that depicted men and woman as real mankind beings. passim his writing career, Welles characters reflected his own personality and inspired others to write about human struggles, both good and bad. An innovative, dynamic individual, Welles spent his entire life experimenting with different mediums and bringing to the world his vision of mans never forget struggle to conquer his own inner demons. Welles was a man whose life was one of paradox. His films reflected his inner conflicts and his attempt to assuage the two extremes of his own existence.&9"For thirty years people have been asking me how I reconcile X with Y &9&9The straight answer is that I dont. Everything about me is a &9&9&9contradiction and so is everything about everybody else. We are make &9&9out of oppositions we live betwee n two poles. There is a philistine and &9&9an aesthete in all of us, and a murderer and a saint. You dont reconcile &9the poles. You just recognize them." To Kennety Tynan, 1967&9Orson Welles is a good deal referred to as a &quotRenaissance man&quot, an individual whos ambitious and concerned with revolutionizing multiple aspects of life. He was a prolific writer and talented actor who often appeared in his own productions. A gifted artist, Welles, coupled his abundant energy with an enthusiasm for life. He tried everything and was not shitless to take risks and to suffer the consequences of failures as well as the acclaims of success.&9While, some critics say that Welles could never top &quotCitizen Kane&quot, much(prenominal) movies as &quotThe Trial&quot, &quotTouch of Evil&quot, and &quotThe Lady from Shanghai&quot are considered classics and monumental feats in cinema production. However, movies like &quotThe Stranger&qu ot, &quotChimes at Midnights&quot, and &quotMr. Arkadin&quot were criticized as being &quotOne-Man roofy&quot shows where Welles glorified and engrandized himself.&9Welles films reflect his ambivalent vision of life. He organized the Mercury Theater as the result of a feud with the Federal Theater Project after its attempt to sensor his work. Welles refused to bow to their demands to make his pro-labor play, The Cradle Will Rock, less political. Throughout the rest of his life, he preferred ostracism to compromise and often endured ridicule and condemnation rather than give in to the demands of those in authority.&9Welles utilizes very distinctive images that are extravagant and dynamic to convey his unique prospective.

The Prisoners Dilemma and the Ability of Firms to Collude :: Business Economics Management Essays

The Prisoners Dilemma and the Ability of Firms to ColludeAn oligopoly is a market consisting of a few large interdependent firms who are usually always trying to second-guess each others behaviour. There is a high degree of interdependence between each firm in the manufacturing meaning individual firms must take into account the effects of their actions on their rivals, and the course of action that will follow as a firmness of purpose on behalf of the rival firm which will also have consequences. The market as we will see is also allocatively inefficient as price is supra marginal cost. There are barriers to entry and exit in an oligopoly meaning that potential new firms will have huge costs if they try to envision the industry and sometimes firms collude in order to prevent new firms from becoming any threat. For example if a new firm tries to enter the industry the cartel can quite easily reduce its prices in the short run so as to remove the new firm. An example of a to a great extent barrier to entry for new firms is the cost of National or even International advertising. As a result of the firms being interdependent, there are dissimilar varieties of collusion in oligopolies to try and create some stable space for the firms to operate in. There are three kinds of collusion cartel (contractual) covert soundless Cartels usually exist where there are agreements between incumbent firms with prices so that they can share what would be monopoly supernormal profits between them, acting as a monopoly. Firms will get together to decide to restrict the output and raise the price, for example OPEC (Organisation for Petroleum Exporting Countries). In the UK legally binding agreements in cartels are against the restrictive practices legislation and are therefore illegal. Some cartels last longer than others do as some cartels may break contracts. Some examples of cartels take Rowntrees, Cadburys, the concrete industry with three firms (Rugby, Blue Circle a nd United). An example of covert collusion would be the cement industry, which was found guilty of rigging contracts and was fined eight cardinal pounds.Tacit collusion is forming implicit contracts as if they are colluding for example the soap powders industry. In this type of market rather than competing using prices, non-price competition occurs. Examples of non-price competition are special offers, advertising and quality of service, all of which are to establish their own brand loyalty and maintain a high concentration ratio of the market.

Nazism :: World War II History

NazismThe National Socialist German Workers Party almost died one morning in 1919. It numbered scarce a few dozen grumblers it had no organization and no political ideas. But many among the middle class admired the Nazis muscular opposition to the Social Democrats. And the Nazis themes of nationalism and militarism drew highly emotional responses from people who could not forget Germanys prewar imperial grandeur. In the national elections of September 1930, the Nazis garnered nearly 6.5 million votes and became second only to the Social Democrats as the most popular party in Germany. In Northeim, where in 1928 Nazi candidates had received 123 votes, they straight off polled 1,742, a respectable 28 percentage of the total. The nationwide success drew even faster... in just three years, party membership would rise from about 100,000 to almost a million, and the number of local anaesthetic branches would increase tenfold. The new members included working-class people, farmers, and middle-class professionals. They were both better educated and younger then the Old Fighters, who had been the backbone of the party during its first decade. The Nazis now presented themselves as the party of the young, the strong, and the pure, in opposition to an establishment populated by the elderly, the weak, and the dissolute. Hitler was born in a small town in Austria in 1889. As a young boy, he showed little ambition. After dropping out of high school, he moved to Vienna to study art, but he was denied the happening to join Vienna academy of fine arts. When WWI broke out, Hitler joined Kaiser Wilhelmers army as a Corporal. He was not a person of great importance. He was a creature of a Germany created by WWI, and his behavior was shaped by that war and its consequences. He had emerged from Austria with many prejudices, including a powerful prejudice against Jews. Again, he was a product of his times... for many Austrians and Germans were prejudiced against the Jews. In Hitl ers case the prejudice had become maniacal it was a dominant force in his private and political personalities. antisemitism was not a policy for Adolf Hitler-it was religion. And in the Germany of the 1920s, stunned by defeat, and the ravages of the Versailles treaty, it was not hard for a leader to convince millions that one element of the nations society was trusty for most of the evils heaped upon it.

Bound By Honor :: essays research papers

Blood InBlood OutBound By Honor.In the movie Blood InBlood Out, thither are three young Chi layabouto juveniles just trying to survive in a white mans world. First, you have Paco, a rebellious teen that loves a fight, and is in a small East Los Angeles street face pack called Vatos Locos. Then, there is his half brother Cruz, he is trying to stray away from the anchor ring life by painting, however, he still is and hangs with the Vatos Locos. Lastly, with blonde hair, blue eyes, and white skin, there is Miklo the cousin of Cruz and Paco, who ran away from his white father to reconect with his Mexican roots. The only business is Miklo does not look Chicano, and the Mexican community, including Paco, have a hard time accepting him into the world he so much wants to be a subprogram of. His friends call him names like white boy or guero to make fun of his skin. Miklo though, is determined to gain the respect of his peers, he decides that he too wants to be a Vato Loco, which doesnt sit very well with Paco. He tells Miklo, Do white boys get VL placas (tattoos)? No, it doesnt happen. Unless and thats where it all starts. Paco decides that his cousin can be part of the Vatos Locos, but since he is half white, he will have to prove himself to the group, by doing something big for them. Miklo quickly obliges, and bashes out the window of a contact gang called Tres Puntos. With that Miklo gets to be in the in crowd as he always wanted to be. Tres Puntos not agreeing with this, takes it out on Cruz, and thus starts a gang war. Things become even worse when at a war between the two gangs, Miklo shoots and kills the head member Spider. This brings on even bigger problems then Miklo can imagine San Quentin Prison.Suddenly, everything Miklo learned in the street gang becomes obsolete, and he is back to being an outsider with no one to turn to. The AVers, a pack of white males in prison, want Miklo to side with them, but Miklo does not want any part of them. Instead, h e wants to hang with the Mexican clique, La Onda, which do not want anything to do with this guero (white boy in Spanish). They pick on him, call him names, and do not want him within their sight.

Tom and Daisy Buchanan of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald :: The Great Gatsby

During The Great Gatsby it was apparent that tom and Daisy had an unstable relationship. While reading the novel, I questioned the reason behind the continuation of their relationship. Tom and Daisy are from the same world and are united by a background of money, and in a gonzo way I think they might have loved one another. Tom and Daisy both came from the upper crust of society. Daisy married Tom because his house was cover with ivy. Tom was from the old money his family had been wealthy for many years. Daisy claims that she was in love with Gatsby, but he did not have the money she was expected to marry. Therefore, when Tom was introduced to Daisy, she precept an opportunity to marry a person she could love and who was wealthy enough to provide the life she was accustomed to. At the beginning, when Daisy is talking to scratch on the porch, Nicks wording was interesting. Nick talks about the restless way her eyes flashed, resembling Toms habit, and her whole performance plea sed her because it represented their social station in a rather secret society to which she and Tom belonged. Tom and Daisy play their roles in a rich, bored society, and the drama of it all is the reason that they do it. Daisy plays the air-headed, pretty wife, while Tom plays the hulking, brute of a man. They thought they were a perfect combination of the ideal wealthy couple. Daisy has been brought up being a pretty object. She was an object to Tom however, he did truly love her. When Toms mistress, Myrtle, called out Daisys name, Tom became outraged and hit her. He felt it was permissible to have a mistress, yet he still honored Daisy by not allowing Myrtle to talk about her. Throughout the novel Tom manages to babble sensitively to Daisy. For example, when Tom and Daisy are in the kitchen eating chicken, he takes time to remind her of all the intimate moments they have had together. I think that this scene shows that Tom really does love Daisy in his own way. Nick spe aks of Tom and Daisy at the end of the novel. He talks about how they smashed people up and and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together Nick points out the similarity between Tom and Daisys characters and attitudes about money.

The Anglo-saxon Literature Essay -- essays research papers

In the Anglo-Saxon literature, the scop has a privilege of retaining history, culture and social value of that society. In many cases the scop exercises the power to create stories which reflect the values of that society. The crucifix in the The Dream of the rood also tells a story of which affects its society and people. The existence of this witness that reports the suffering and the glorification of Christ proves necessary for the people to believe. The Rood becomes a hero that preserves an event that proves crucial to the society. As the Rood observes the suffering of Christ, it also shares with him the pains of crucifixion. In other words, the Rood takes part in Christs crucifixion which pertains to the salvation of the souls. Although the Rood declares its god-like qualities along with Christ, theres a distinction between Christ and the Rood. Therefore, the Rood appears as a metonymic figure which represents the Christs suffering but it does non represent Christ. In fact, t he Rood assumes the role of Christ as it demands people to revere it. In this poem, the Rood appears as an Anglo-Saxon hero. However, the Rood fails to share the Christian beliefs when it declares the entity of God along with Christ. Although Christ and the Rood shared the innocent suffering together, this does not provide an adequate explanation for the Rood to become a replacement of Christ. Indeed, the Rood appears as a hero in the Anglo-Saxon society for it reflects the values of many figures that suffer with their Lord.The Rood shares the suffering endured by Christ. It does not regret its pains but sympathizes with Christ as it brings unto itself the hostilities directed at Christ. Thus, it states, how they mocked at us both(The Rood, 51). Suffering with the members of the community proves important to a hero in the Anglo-Saxon literature. In The Battle of Maldon, a band of warriors fight to alleviate their community, more specifically, fight to serve the Earl(The Battle of Maldon, 11). Bryhtnoth is the Earl of these brave warriors who fight unto death in tack together to carry out their duty. This duty indicates that one does not desolate a battleground and retreat in order to save ones life. Therefore, the heroes share the battlefield alongside their lord and fight until they win or die. Like these heroes of the Maldon, the Rood remains steadfast in sh... ...st did not have in mind for the people to worship a tree. The Rood states its separate entity from Christ. The manoeuvre of Victory becomes itself a figure that must be worshipped by its people. In fact, the Anglo-Saxon society views its heroes as gods through the scops of the society. In Anglo-Saxon literature, scops go the power to influence and preserve their tradition, history and culture. The scops glorify the heroes of their times according to their deeds which uphold the values of that society. In addition, the scops give the heroes of their society power to be immortal. They honor th eir heroes as gods and inevitably honor the values that these heroes uphold. The Rood is one of the Anglo-Saxon heroes that represents the importance of sacrifice of enduring crucial suffering in order to benefit its society. Regardless of its former status, the Roods deeds reinforce the values of the Anglo-Saxon sense of loyalty that makes them fearless in the face of wierd. In the face of the approaching death, these heroes are portrayed as honoring their community more than their lives. Thus, by remembering and worshipping these heroes, the Anglo-Saxons tend to honor their society.

Equity Theory and Social exchange theory Essay

In this essay I aim to describe deuce theories (Equity Theory and amicable deputize theory) of relationships and to consider how they might influence the therapist engaged in couples counseling, noting their similarities and differences. Equity theory is a theory ab surface fairness. Its employment to fold relationships has been primarily advanced by Elaine Hatfield (previously known as Elaine Walster) and her colleagues in the book Equity Theory and Research (Walster, Walster, and Berscheid 1978).The book outlines four interlocking propositions of righteousness theory and discusses the application of loveliness theory to different types of relationships, including intimate wizs. The propositions are 1. Individuals will try to maximize their outcomes (where outcomes extend to rewards minus costs). 2a. Groups back end maximize collective reward by evolving accepted systems for equitably apportioning resources among members. Thus, groups will evolve such systems of virtue, and will attempt to induce members to accept and adhere to these systems.2b.Groups will broadly speaking reward members who treat others equitably, and generally punish (increase the costs for) members who treat others inequitably. 3. When singles find themselves participating in unjust relationships, they become unhinged. The more than inequitable the relationship, the more distressed the individuals feel. 4. Individuals who discover they are in an inequitable relationship attempt to eliminate their distress by restoring equity. The greater the inequity that exists, the more distress they feel, and the harder they try to bear on equity.Equity theory rests on the assumption that people are self-interested and will try to maximize their personal spend a pennys. It has sometimes been questioned by researchers who believe that the nature of close relationships differs from other types of relationships. They conclude that close relationships should not be based on individual ca lculations of costs and rewards and a self-interested focus on maintaining relationships solely for the personal meshwork they whitethorn provide. Instead, they argue that relationships should be based on a mutual concern for each others welfare or brings (Clark and Chrisman 1994 Clark and Mills 1979).Three main(a) ways of dealing with challenges to this assumption exist. One is to consider that individuals may vary in tack orientation or the importance they give to monitoring equity in their relationships (Murstein, Cerreto, and Mac-Donald 1977). For example, some individuals may be high in exchange orientation, constantly keeping track of how much they and their collaborationists put into or stay put out of a relationship. Other individuals may be low in exchange orientation, not paying attention to inputs, outputs, costs, and rewards of their relationships at all.Measuring exchange orientation may be a way of measuring self-interest in relationships. Research by Susan Spre cher (1998) has supported this notion. Her findings suggest that different motivations for keeping score of costs and benefits in a relationship have different effects on relationship quality. People who keep track of inputs and outputs to make sure they are not to a lower place benefited by the relationship seem to be less satisfied by their relationship whereas people who keep track of inputs and outputs to make sure they are not over-benefited by the relationship seem to be more satisfied by it.Another way to account for differences in philosophies regarding self-interest in relationships is to include relational- take aim outcomes such as mutuality, sharing, and respect as types of benefits that individuals can receive from relationships. Relational partners may see themselves as a unit, with both of them maximally benefiting from the relationship. In this type of relationship, where identities of the individual partners have merged, what benefits one partner will also benefit the other.Relational-level outcomes have not regularly been considered in equity research, although similar impressions arise during discussions of entitlement processes (Desmarais and Lerner 1994) and fairness rules (Clark and Chrisman 1994) in close relationships. Equity in a relationship may be seen as its own reward. This idea is suggested by proposition 2 that attempts to account for the evolution of rules, or norms, that limit self-interest behavior. If individuals were to continually strive for the most resources, anarchy and violence would dominate society as each member tried to gain more.However, proposition 2 asserts that societies, groups, and couples will develop rules that foster fairness to each member in order to prevent such a condition. People who preserve the rules of fairness will be rewarded, and people who do not will be punished. Thus, behaving equitably becomes a means to maximize ones outcomes, and fairness, more so than self-interest, becomes the norm. P roposition 3 that focus on the outcomes of inequitable relationships by asserting that individuals in inequitable relationships will become distressed.Researchers exploring the area of equitable outcomes in marital relationships often measure outcomes through reports or observations of behaviors rather than perceptions. This is because individuals perceptions of their relationships can become skewed through gender-based valuing of relational inputs, because an incongruence often exists between perception of ones behavior and the actual behavior itself, and because people in low-power positions often feel entitled to less that make its them to perceive an unfair situation as fair. fit in to this, people do still report sensed inequity in their relationships, and it has been associated with negative outcomes, including less sexual intimacy, less sexual satisfaction, less commitment to the relationship, decrease happiness and satisfaction with the relationship, and relationship brea kup (Sprecher 1995). And proposition 4 states people involved in inequitable relationships will try to restore equity.Hatfield (Walster) and her colleagues (1978) provide two ways that a person can restore equity to a relationship by restoring actual equity or by restoring psychological equity (the perception that equity actually exists when it does not). Researchers who use behavior to measure relational equity instead of perceptions may do so because they believe partners in an inequitable relationship do not see the inequity. This assumption is congruent with the concept of restoring psychological equity.Understanding the concept of fairness is essential to understanding equity theory. Elaine Hatfield (Walster) and her colleagues (Walster, Walster, and Berscheid 1978) argue that fairness rules are culturally bound, indicating that generally one of three rules of fairness can apply proportionality, equation, or need. Rules based upon proportionality mean that individuals receive e qual relative gains from the relationship. In other words, each person should get out of the relationship gains that are in proportion to what they have put into the relationship.The equality rule, on the other hand, means that regardless of how much each person has put into the relationship, they should each reap equal rewards. Finally, the need-based rule indicates that need should be the find out factor in what partners get from a relationship, regardless of their individual contributions to it. Social exchange theory has always been an important component of cognitive-behavioral treatment for families. Most empirically based couple therapies have their foundations in behavioral couple therapy, which focuses on directly changing behavior by maximizing positive changes and minimizing positive exchanges.This concept particularly important in as much as most unhappy couples report higher daily frequencies of negative events than of positive events (Johnson & OLeary, 1996). Social exchange theory centers on the costs and benefits associated with relationships. It emphasizes that in that respect is technically a downside to particular social conditions, such as being married or single, and there are moments when a downside may predominate in the mind of an individual, causing him or her to view the social condition with regret. Social exchange theory was first off conceived by Homens (1961) and later elaborated on by Thibaut and Kelly (1959).Thibaut and Kelly applied the concept of social exchange to the dynamics of intimate relationships, in which they identified patterns of interdepency. Social exchange theory is based on economic theories and views couple interaction through the lens of the exchange of costs and rewards. Simply stated, costs are reasons why a relationship would be considered undesirable, whereas rewards pertain to reasons that partners would remain in a relationship. If we think about our own spousal relationships, we may discover many co sts and rewards. slightly costs may be our spouses bad habits, such as excessive spending of money or his or her temperament. However, these costs may be strongly outweighed by the rewards, which may consist of the spouses kindness, sensitivity, and his or her constant loyalty and support. It is balance of costs and rewards that often helps couples to determine whether or not they are satisfied in a relationship. A main concept of social exchange theory is the tendency of individuals to compare the rewards they are receiving with the perceived alternatives.Equity theory is related to social exchange theory, given their unifying basic premise that outcomes should be evaluated in a relative sense within some frame of reference. Equity theory focuses upon outcome evaluations that result from relationships characterized by economic productivity objectives. Equity theory postulates that parties in exchange relationships compare their ratios of exchange inputs to outcomes. Inequity is sa id to exist when the perceived inputs and /or outcomes in an exchange relationship are psychologically inconsistent with the perceived inputs and/or outcomes of the referent.Since parties sometimes need to evaluate each other before engaging in an exchange, role expectations play a crucial role in determining the equity level of a potential exchange relationship. Each party to the exchange has certain expectations about their own role as well as that of the other party. correspond to role theory, each exchange partner has learned a set of behaviors that is appropriate in an exchange context this will increase the probability of determination attainment by each partner.Role stress can affect long-term relationships if role expectations are unclear or if actual behaviors deviate from expectations. Believed inequities lead exchange parties to feel under-rewarded or over-rewarded, angry, or resentful, and will affect behaviors in subsequent periods by encouraging these parties to cha nge their inputs into the relationship, and thus result in mistrust and mistrust of the exchange partner. The closer the exchange relationship, the more likely it is that relationship participants will perceive inequity.If equity prevails, the ratio of inequity, the ratio of one persons outcomes to inputs is assumed to be constant across exchange partners, which results in the satisfaction of exchange partners with their outcomes. Equitable outcomes stimulate confidence that parties do not take the favor of each other and those them are concerned about each others welfare. Parties in a relationship can compare their own ratio to that of their exchange partner, to those of others who interact with their exchange partner at the same level, and to that of their best alternative exchange partner.The social exchange theory is useful for couples counseling it focuses on what each partner gives and receives from the other. It allows for therapist and clients to analyze their positive and negative behaviors which need to be changed. Members of relationship need not achieve total equality in the ratios of positives and negatives they exchange in order to be happy. The key is to find a balance of exchange over time that each person finds acceptable. Equity theory is based on couples counseling as everything in a relationship has to be equal otherwise it is gone be lots of problems in a relationship.Therapist can use it in a couples counseling. The members of the relationship who discover the inequity in their relationship feels distressed and it makes harder to restore the equity in their relationship. Therapist can get members of relationship to focus on the value of their relationship than the more material things they are getting from it. Also different motivations have different effects on relationship quality. So it would be another thing for therapist to look at during the couples counseling session.

Teen Dating Violence Support Group

Although most immature date relationships last a shorter aggregate of time, it is an important part of a teenages life that lav impact them greatly. puerile go off abandon occurs when one assistant in the date relationship is contumelyd by the other partner and tries to control their daily functions. In the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, nearly10 percent of teens nationwide account having an do it of strong-arm wildness from a amative partner a year prior to this article (Mulford, & Giordano, 2008).It is important for teens to be aw are of signs that their relationship may be heading towards madness or that they are in an abusive relationship so they could receive help before any serious injury or death occurs. The teen dating force-out support meeting will give teens an arena to treat actions that feces be defined as dating strength or abuse from a romantic partner. The assembly will also be a supportive arena for those teens who gravel experienced viol ence or abuse in a romantic relationship in becoming survivors and coping with their experience and moving on to feeling safe and reenforcement a violence free life.In the support group, there will be discussions on what is considered a hearty relationship and how to maintain a healthy relationship. The support groups main boil down is to empower teens to be educated just about the signs and the dangers of dating violence and to empower teens with information on how to avoid dating violence, to blot an abusive relationship, and to be able to escape abusive situations safely.Rational Working with women at a domestic violence shelter, I project noticed a high percent eon of the women who receive services from our program, discuss they had experienced a form of abuse from a boyfriend or a romantic partner as teenagers. Some of the women stated as teens they did not take their experience serious enough or understand that they were being abused or that it could return to them agai n as an adult.A survey done by the Center for sickness Control and Prevention in 2010, states approximately 1 in 5 women and almost 1 in 7 men who at one time experienced rape, physical violence, and stalking by a romantic partner, had initial experienced some form violence from a romantic partner between the age between 11 and 17 years old (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Most teens do not report their experiences of dating violence making it hard for adults and practitioners to find out about this experience in the teen years.Ashley and Foshee (2005) explain that it is far less apt(predicate) that teens will report an episode dating violence than will adults reporting a domestic violence episode. Teens shoot to be educated and informed on the dangers of violence to understand why it is important to report their experience of violence so the cycle of abuse can stop and they could learn to be safe and live a violence free life. Additional Information The popula tion that this support group will show are students that are in middle school where the ages are between 11 and 14 years of age.The support group will be liberal to both male and female students. Although high school is where most teens will begin to date, middle school aged teens also experience dating violence. It is congenital for the group leaders to understand the importance of peer influence and the impact it has on the instruction of teens. It will be important to assure all parts of the group that all information discussed will be confidential so they could feel comfortable in expressing their feelings and experiences.The desirable group size for this particular support group would be 6 to 8 teenagers at a time. This allows for a group small enough to have intimate dialogue and large enough for the members not to feel being singled out. A group this size with teens will allow the flow of conversation and interaction of the members. This group is open to male and female students to discuss their experiences of dating violence and become educated on signs and the cycle of dating violence. there will be times when the males and females will be separated to sodding(a) activities then they will come together to discuss the different gender perspective on certain facts about teen dating violence. Legal and honourable Considerations It is important that the group leader take precautions to protect all clients from any physical, ablaze or psychological harm (ACA, 2005). An informed consent with the parents and the students under the age of 18 years old will be necessary for the students to move in this support group.In the consent the confidentiality and the limitations of confidentiality must be explained and the purpose and the focus of the support group must be clearly explained. Failure to explain this information to the students or their parents, could result in legal actions being taken against the healer that could lead to loss of professional license. It would also be important to discuss the particulars and the process of the group with the parents of the students because they are minors and the parent consent is needed for them to participate in the support group.References American Counseling Association. (2005). ACA code of ethics. Retrieved from http//www. counseling. org/resources/codeofethics/TP/home/ct2. aspx Ashley, O. S. , & Foshee, V. ( 2005). Adolescent help-seeking for dating violence Prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, and source of help. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 25-31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Teen dating violence. Retrieved from http//www. cdc. gov/ViolencePrevention/intimatepartnerviolence/teen_dating_violence. html Mulford, C. , & Giordano, P. C. (2008). Teen dating violence A closer look at childlike romantic relationships. subject field Institute of Justice Journal, nary(prenominal) 261. Retrieved from http//nij. gov/journals/261/teen-dating-violence. htm A bstract Teen dating violence is becoming more allowd and important to todays society as a major safeguard concern when it comes to dealing with teens. It is important for communities to be conscious(predicate) of this concern and have the appropriate services to provide teens the necessary information that promotes awareness and prevention.To ensure that teens are empowered with being educated on the dangers of teen violence and knowing how to escape a crimson relationship safely is important to the health and development of teens into adulthood. Parents and communities need to understand the dynamics of teen dating violence to break the cycle and to lessen the chances of teens experiencing abuse or violence in a romantic relationship. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature that is relevant to educating, recognizing and preventing teen dating violence.An analysis of the current literature and research was done to provide information on recognizing the signs that a relationship is abusive or heading towards violence, the reasons surrounding why this type of violence is less possible to be report, the risk factors associated with teen dating violence, and the impact dating violence has on the development of adolescents. Also, an analysis on the different types of prevention that is helpful to teens in avoiding and safely escaping an abusive or red-faced romantic relationship.Most middle school students are not aware that certain behaviors that their romantic partners display are the beginning signs of abuse or violence in the relationship. Dating violence can be defined as the act or the threat of the act of violence that is displayed by one member of a union that is not married that takes place during dating or courting (Glass, Fredland, Campbell, Yonas, Sharps, & Kub, 2003). Most teens in middle school do not recognize the actions that their partners display are signs that they may be in an abusive or violent relationship.Common behaviors like constantly calling and texting their partner to find out where their partner is at, what the partner is doing, and who their partner is with are jealous behaviors and is considered warning signs that can lead to dating violence. Other warning signs that the relationship is heading towards becoming violent are name calling, putting their partner down, making threats to harm family and friends, using violence to solve problems in the relationship, forcing the partner to do things that the partner does not fate to do, and threatening to do self harm (Oklahoma Department of Health, 2010).At times teens do not take the hitting, jealous and controlling behavior seriously and may just take the hitting as playing around and the jealous and controlling behavior as signs of love and not signs of danger that could lead to acquiring physically hurt. Herrman (2009) explains that research has found that there are important differences in which teens define interpersonal violence based on g ender. She further states that boys are plausibly to connect the act of violence to being provoked and girls see violence as a way of showing control or to dominate their partner.Although teen dating violence is prevalent in todays society, many another(prenominal) teens do not tell anyone or report their violent or abusive relationship to adults or the authority. Teens are far less likely to report a violent incident with a partner and it is estimated that about 1 in 11 events of teen dating violence are reported to adults or police and then some incidents are reported but not at endureed to (Ashley & Foshee, 2005).The study that Ashley and Foshee (2005) conducted to find the percent of victims and perpetrators that would seek help resulted in showing 60% of the 225 victims in the study and 79% of the 140 perpetrators in the study reported they did not go and ask for help. Sometimes victims are afraid that their partner will come back at them to do harm and make the violence cont inue or worse and some victims believe that they are at fault or they made their partner act violently because of something they did.Herrman (2009) explains that some teens that have children by the perpetrator will not report due to being loyal or having to depend on the abuser who is the father. Another factor that could have something to do with teens lack of report when they experience teen dating violence is some teens believe that violence is one-sided to the point where boys are the ones who get in dread more and girls can abuse and it not thought of as serious and do not get in trouble as much as boys.Herrman (2009) explain that boys report that girls are allowed to do more violence to boys with no punishment because boys do not have bulky injuries in comparison to girls who are abused by boys with significant injuries. This is part of the reason why males do not report incidents of violence or abuse by females and also their macho thoughts of being the stronger one keeps most males from reporting dating violence.In society today, there is a double standard about who is actually being abused when it comes to males and females due to who is considered stronger species. This should not matter if someone is being abused or being hurt by another person. There are many risk factors that are associated with teen dating violence. If a teen is raised in a family that experiences or observes violence when solving problems it is executable that the teen will act in the same manner.Ayers and Davies (2011) explain that when teens have violent or abusive behavior shown in the home, the children can learn to tolerate in the same manner and the act of violence becomes an acceptable way to respond to others when there is a problem. Some studies show that an area where one lives can have an increase in domestic and teen dating violence. On study show that males and females that live in the southern region of the United States has more dating violence rates and may have increased tolerance to violence (Marquart, Nanni, Edwards, Stanley, & Wayman, 2007).Other studies report that dating violence is more likely in rural environments due to the thoughts about male and female roles, isolation, not having activities that are structured, and the customary practice of some teens driving around with alcohol (Marquart et al. , 2007). Teen dating violence can seriously impact adolescents in many different ways. The violence behavior from a romantic partner can cause physical injuries to the other partner where they may have to go to the hospital.Herrman (2009) discusses that nearly 8% of teens report going to an emergency room to get care for injuries that they got while in a romantic dating relationship. Teen dating violence can also result in the death of a partner as it was reported in an article in the New York Times (2009) of how a 20 year old girl in Indianapolis was killed by her boyfriend by and by trying to leave the abusive relationship severa l times. Teen dating can also have farsighted-term effects on the health of the adolescent during their life like drug and alcohol abuse, depression, low-self esteem, and eating disorders (Oklahoma Department of Health. 010). Violence in a teen relationship can develop into a long term pattern of unhealthy intimate partner violence and the development of poor relationship skill (OKeefe, 2005). Teens who were victims of dating violence are more likely to be victims of intimate partner violence in their life as an adult. It is important for teens to be aware of the long term effects of dating violence that could continue on into adulthood and dictate the relationship style for future relationships.Teens that experience dating violence have a greater chance of emotional and behavioral problems as young adults and increased risk of having violent relationships in the future (Healy, 2012). Researchers from a nationally representative survey that examined teens between the ages of 12 to 18 that said they were the victim of a violent dating relationship, examined these young adults five years later and found that these same teens, boys and girls were three times more likely to be involved in a violent relationship as a young adult (Healy, 2012).Teens who learn and develop negative relationship skills tend to carry on those negative relationship skills into adulthood. To address the issue of teen dating violence there have been many interventions and preventions established to minimize and hopefully eliminate dating violence with teens. There teen dating violence to parents, adolescents, and other adults in the community to raise public awareness like The National Teen Dating Abuse Hotline, and the National Center for Victims of Crime (Herrman, 2009). There has also been education in the schools to make the teachers and students aware of the signs and the risk factors.Herrmann (2009) explain that many schools include prevention topics in the health classes to help st udents think of ways to improve conflict management skills and to change the dating violence norms. Prevention strategies such as awareness and promoting healthy relationships by providing assistance and addressing change at all levels of social environment the give power to intimate partner violence will eventually enhance the efforts to reduce the risk factors and advance protective determinants (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012).Teen dating violence is becoming a widespread issue in todays society and needs to be addressed and made know so parents, school officials and professionals can be aware and know how to assist those in need of help. Making teen dating violence more aware to adolescents and the community will help to reduce incidents of teen dating violence and help to educate adolescents on healthy relationships, what the signs are for teen dating violence, and seek help to deal this issue.

Art Interpretation

An artists face-to-face history can be a visual roadmap into their past, subconscious, and their personal reality. The purpose of this paper is to explore these idioms in the work of Gerard Ter Borch and its historical relevance to art. Gerard Ter Borch had an established rapport with his uncle Robert van Voerst, a relationship that enabled the artist to claim his quoin as one of Europes leading court portraitists. Robert van Voersts ties with Charles I began Borchs career and launched him into his fame and status.With royal backing it is no question that Borch kept much of his subject matter dealing with the rich and wealthy instead of the typical Dutch preclusion to the drab or mundane of mankind life. It is this significant turn of events that lead this discussion to Borchs sophisticated representation of contemporary life (62). Such representations into modernity of Dutch life can be witnessed in Borchs painting Curiosity (c. 1660). Since Borchs family was so closely tied to an aristocratic life agency, it is no love that the artists work would deliberate what he so intimately knew.Although the composition of the work is best seen through the lend oneself of rich fabrics (as is most of Borchs work) what should be taken note of is his use of diagonals to illustrate the inner psychology of the characters in his work. The moment of a letter arriving has each woman in the painting curious as to its contents, but this peculiarity is best exemplified by the woman on the left leaning over the new(prenominal) young womans shoulder in order to recognize a better view of the letters contents. This leaning of the young woman gives the painting an enigmatic feel that is not present in other of Borchs work.A high profile woman that is a woman of so obvious a rich birth (as can be seen by her clothing) indulges in a d in alliance of childish movement making the moment both entertaining and whimsical. This whimsical nature is given further emphasis by the grand background surrounding the young ladies. That this one woman would allow herself the indulgence of something so trivial as a childish leaning forward among all that tradition and overbearing space (notice the columns in the background as well as the ornate fixture of the diagonally placed mirror) is what is so appealing active this piece of work.The reason for the letter writing with this trio of women is that Borch had a very close relationship with his half sisters, which surely contributed to his affectionate sensitivity to how young women dexterity behave on such an occasion (76). With Borchs obvious eye for the smallest detail a closer examination of the painting must be given, including symbolisation for such objects. Of note in such objects is the comply key which precariously dangles over the edge of the table.The symbolism of such a state for a watch winding key could mean for the peach to take special note of temperance which would make sense with Borch having been r aised in the Eastern Netherlands and privy to that regions Protestant upbringing. Since the objects on the table are of such small stature, from the candlestick to the watch winding key to even the letter itself, the viewer whitethorn imagine that the symbolism of such objects do not have equal weight as the characters themselves therefore, motive for the letter takes precedence over any idea of temperance.However, with Borchs style leaning toward developing and understanding human behavior it may be worthwhile to ask Why did the artist choose to include a clean-living lesson in such small objects if not to make a point? Indeed, this curiosity of The Curiosity is the reason why the painting is known as a conversatiestuk or conversation piece. With such small detail making an impact on critiques and viewers alike what becomes predominately clear in studying Borch is that he continually uses small objects to emphasize his study of human behavior.Upon first looking at The Curiosity a viewer is not completely aware of all of the objects in the composition. The element of light is what makes these objects more noticeable such as the winding key on the tables ledge that gives off a princely hue and is further emphasized by the spaniels body language pointing to the key. If the element of light is to be discussed in The Curiosity then most notably the woman on the right shimmers with luminescence her costume as well as her countenance.With such brilliance transposing the portrait it is a wonder that the woman stands at such a distance from the main action of the painting. This distance is only emphasized by Borchs use of light on her. This leads the viewer to wonder the cause of the distance and to become enraptured by the back story of the moment of the painting and the relationship among these three women. Thus, by the use of light, Borch has made the viewer not only appreciate a fine painting but to become engrossed in the psychology of the characters and their reasons for standing the way he has varicolored them.In this psychological history of the women, the viewer becomes aware of something else a voyeuristic tone to the painting. The intimate moment of a woman opening a letter that may (by the stance of the women surrounding her) be from a lover or gentleman caller makes the viewer realize that the lynx is a man, and that the interest of all of the women is of a man. Thus, the painter through these psychological stances becomes the object of the viewers scrutiny (76).Upon revisiting the painter as the background object of the painting, the viewer must once once again re-examine the objects on the table and their significance to the painters life. The time piece once again must be examined not as an airlift composition of temperance but as a revelation to the viewer of the artists own timeframe. Time is often associated with finale, thereby the death of the painters uncle during this time is significant. It is the uncle who allowed him his introduction to Charles I and which thereby gained him his entrance into the art world.It seems that Borch is writing his own life history in the small objects on the table. The death of Borchs mother Anna Bufkens would perhaps be also realistically attached to the significance to the time piece. The complex nature of the painting is revealed the women gathering around the letter are anxious to find out the lovers intentions but the objects on the table tell of lives and lovers past. Love quickly follows death for the viewers in Borchs painting.With so much psychology behind the small objects involved in Borchs painting The Curiosity it cannot be said that the painting is for unmingled visual enjoyment that is most definitely not a conversatiestuk it is far more than just a simple conversation piece. Without the use of light, of lines, and of composition such nuisances of Borchs style would be lost on the viewer. Thus, the importance of these artistic styles is what ultima tely makes the painter so interesting to the art world. If Borch desired to make a moralizing message it would be to enjoy the love letters when they are coming and in time to allow for the moments of death.

Public Finance Essay

The metropolis of Eugene has been in a critical position due to budget crisis. Apparently, the metropolis of Eugene has spent more of its resources, which is higher than what the metropolis organisation has pertinacious to be the budget under the public financing system. Since then, the city government has decided to utilise a new approach in dealing with the monetary resource of the city, which was called the budgeting for outcomes approach.The city government of Eugene has employed the services of Public Strategies Group an founding acting as a financing consultant based in St. Paul, atomic number 25 which recommended the need to cut down expenditure and limit the budget to expenditure that are agreeable to the citizens. This means that the public financing system will alone allocate budget according to the priorities of the city, determined by its constituents. (Russo, 2007) The concept of budgeting for outcomes constitutes the genuine essence of public financing and bud geting. It establishes the ideal dimensions of what public financing should be. With this in mind, it is majestic to think that the city government of Eugene unless determined the flaws in their public financing system only after experiencing crisis in their budget scheme which is oft difficult to reverse, than situations wherein detection and prevention would have sufficed. Setting this thought aside, the agreeable point in the public finance approach is that the city is willing to implement a responsible method or technique in fixing the public financing system to sustain resources by means of controlling the citys expenses. The budgeting for outcomes approach is a responsible means of handling the citys budget because it will be allocated only to the demands of the city, concentrating on needs and wants and eliminating operate cost for unnecessary features or entities. Moreover, Eugene has viewed the matter logically by determining a protrude that will ensure the success of the public financing project. The city government, along with its hired consultant, has formulated several steps in order to realize the purpose of the budgeting for outcomes approach.First, the city government will review all areas (schools, libraries, health care institutions, law enforcement institutions, etc.) within the dimensions of Eugene that have been receiving funds from the public budget. All areas will be evaluated or assessed in order to determine how roles and responsibilities of each institution are being carried out. This will help the city government determine what areas within the city to focus on and prioritize. (Russo, 2007) Second, allocating budget for different areas within the city will be decided upon based on the goals and objectives of the city council. The city government of Eugene has decided to align public spending with the goals and objectives upheld by city council. Third, spending will be based on what the citizens need and demand, such as public safety, health care, education, transport systems, etc. Fourth, the city government will prevail all the help or assistance it can get from other institutions (public or private), in order to determine flaws or improvements for the budgeting for outcomes plan. (Russo, 2007) The four considerations that the city government is willing to focus on veers away from the concepts of traditional budgeting, setting the desirability of the budgeting for outcomes approach. Moreover, it improves the face of public financing by focusing on the outcomes that will reach the city and its constituents, rather than concentrating on how the budget will allocated. It is sensitive to the needs and demands of the city, therefore, transforming it into a people-based and outcome-based public financing system. These ideas establish the positive backdrop of Eugenes plan for public financing. However, although the positive side of the approach has been presented through and through, it is important to confr ont the impending risks and threats in implementing such an approach. This concern lies in the true meaning of responsibility. tenability and logic in prioritizing what areas to spend for requires the responsibility and ability to place the more important things ahead of superficialities.The problem of the budgeting for outcomes approach is the decision-making process imposed by the citizens. These decisions should be true priorities that is, priorities that genuinely provide the best results that the city will benefit from and not those that promote personal vested interests. Therefore, to implement an effective budgeting for outcomes approach, it needs not only a carefully made plan, but also a responsible and rational city government and citizenry.ReferencesRusso, E. (2007). City Trying New Approach to Budget. The shew Guard, C19. Retrieved from the Gale Group via Questia. Website http//www.questia.com/read/5024242890

Grill Rite Case Study Essay

There are five issues that are relevant.The presidents stance on steady output conflicts with seasonal demand. However, it is unlikely that this go out change. The main problem is stemma management. One advantage of having a single, centralized warehouse is the lower need for safety stock due to the canceling effect of random variability in orders from the various regions. Conversely, with separate warehouses, each warehouse needs a relatively larger safety stock to guard against variations in demand. This would enable the centralized warehouse to see what the regional warehouses are stocking and also review their historical demand patterns and future customer forecasts. The fact that the regional warehouses have increase their order size but customer service has not improved reflects that the wrong armory items are very likely being ordered. Relevant be would include transaction costs, transportation costs, versus the potential increase in profit by making up a shortage. Other is sues include the following introduce ONE One alternative might be to identify a complementary product that would offset seasonal demand for electric grills.ISSUE both What is needed is overall control of the system that would take into account seasonal variations in demand and achieve a better match between regional demand and supply. This might involve making or improving regional forecasts. In any case, improved system visibility is essential direct get to to regional warehouse data by the main warehouse is needed in order to be able to coordinate and set priorities on inventory shipments to regional warehouses.ISSUE THREE It is also necessary to examine the feasibility of shipping from one warehouse to another when a shortage occurs.ISSUE quad Develop a policy regarding shipments from the main warehouse (to end user customers versus regional warehouses).ISSUE FIVE Invest in software (distribution resource intend DRP) which would provide desired visibility and also enable the main warehouse manager to push inventory where it is needed versus regional warehouse managers pulling inventory where they believe they need inventory, which may not be correct.

History 17-a American history Essay

Known as the American experiment in liberty and equality, the well-behaved War of America is supposed to be a major turning point in American recital. Originated due to bondage, this contend was first of all revoke from American citizens to acquire the right of liberty and equality. By the state of war, slavery was extinguished in America. Beginning of nineteenth century was much different from the eighteenth century this was a revolutionary era in which industrialism was rising against agriculture, communisation against state particularization and desire of freedom was heading against slavery.However, this moral estimatelism is not believed as an appropriate moderateness for the war. In accordance with some historians, it is similarly called as the war of power and economical affluence. It is said that South was economically abundant than the North. It was making good money in trade and commerce in comparison of North. North was not ready to accept this fact and this result ed as the Civil War. By the term of war, South occupied an area as bighearted as Western Europe and North has a strategic assignment to invade and conquer the southern confederation.In this war, southerners were fighting for independence, self-determination, self-government and preservation of life. Nevertheless, results of this war became the decision points for American history as the war grown the offspring of Nationality in Northerners. Southerners wanted to be separated from the American Union and Northerners were not is the clog up of that. In the battle against southerners, few incidents worked as the turning points of Civil War and American History as well. As instance, Northern Unions hold on Kentucky and rebound States in considered as the first turning point of American civil war.This was of a great importance for Northerners. Even president of the nation, Abraham Lincoln said that I cant think of loosing Kentucky, Kentucky was a southern state. Considered as the firs t modern war, the civil war of America made the nation, which is known as unify States of America. During this war, Abraham Lincoln was mainly focused on Border States. He was not in favor of self-government in these states. Border States were extremely significant for Northerners, as these states were physically separating Northern Union and Southern fusion.Bull Run is taken as an opposite major defining moment in the history of Civil War. This was a land battle. This battle was full of anticipations and both sides were sure about their victory. However, Northerners managed to win this was a Herculean task for them and it was an end of southern hopes to format the self-government. Union capture on Mississippi, Forts Henry and Donelson in February 1862 is also considered as the major turning point in Civil War. It was first significant victory of union.Victories in Battle of Anteitam and Battle of Gettysburg made unions to move more speedyly in the direction of uniting American states. A defeat of Confederacy in the Battle of Chattanooga is taken as one of the most prominent turning point of Civil War. In this war Union reduced Confederacy to the Atlantic coast. This opened the way for Shermans Atlanta Campaign. Two incidents that took place in 1864 are taken as the last nail in the casket of southern confederacys desire of self-government, independence and self-determination. These two incidents were Union capture on Atlanta and reelection of Abraham Lincoln.Both incidents respectively took place in phratry 1864 and November 1864. Civil War the First Modern War American Civil War is taken as the first modern warfare. Confronted with various viewpoints and issues, this war is mark as the well mobilized war of the modern age. In accordance with historians, it deserves to be the first modern war due to its two important reasons. First reason is its technological advancements and another is a great change in the logistics and tactics applied in the battlef ield.Northern generals Ulysses S.Grant and his sub-ordinates applied strategies those were far ahead from the war approaches applied by the time. The morality war of Northern Americans against Southerners also resulted in many mesmerizing innovations, those helped in nation moving at the forefront from sopor of the world. Cannons, rapid fire guns, Gatling gun, telegraphs and aerial warfare are considered as some of the stirring innovations of Civil War period. The civil war also worked as the rapid fire in the growth of American economy. It is also said that this was the beginning of American supremacy.This war was the first war in which army was not problematic in killing on one-to-one manner. It was entirely technical. Both Unions and Confederacy army troops were relying on technical weapons instead of traditional ones. This was the first time when air warfare and sea warfare modes were also used. This war was the first war when a strategy of destruction was used and it also boo sted he idea of unconditional surrender in the battle-field. In this was Union troops used telescopes and air-balloons to locate the position of resistance. Civil War of American History is known as first war due to its a completely foreign planning in accord with the world of nineteenth century. Following reasons the major prat of knowing this was as the first modern war- Railroads Invention of railroad played a very important role in supplying armies with food, bullets, and soldiers. These cars were armed with weaponry. Hospitals This was the first time when hospitals were set in battle field. Women such as Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix worked in these hospitals to give medical treatments to inured soldiers.Nevertheless, by the time medical knowledge was not advanced as today and mortality rate of soldiers due to disease was greater than their death in battle field. This was the first time in the consideration of using dogs as armor. Photography and Telegraph- by the time Photo graphy and Telegraphy science had been introduced. Army troops used the science of photography is taking pictures of enemy position and Telegraph helped them in sending urgent messages. This is considered as a boon created from the devastation of Civil War.Secret Service Both sides employed passing structured spy service to gain knowledge of army movements. Women and slaves played major role in this. Personnel Numbers of African Americans fought in the Civil War was not less, most of them participated in the war from the side of Union army. They often fought in regiments those were separated out regiments. This was the first time when they had an identity of soldiers other than slaves. An ambitious win for Abraham Lincoln, civil War was the first time when rights of equality were believed to be a reason of war.

Freakonomics Essay Essay

The most interesting excerpt of Freakonomics was the connection made mingled with crime rates and miscarriages. This passage was fascinating for a few reasons. The first reason being that it makes secure and complete sense, so much so that it should be common sense. This correlation between the legalization of abortion and the rate of crime going down is so simple, yet so incredibly profound. This piece of information, if utilise correctly, scum bag totally obliterate the argument that pro-choice is a negative thing for society. On a to a greater extent personal note, I found the concept that the crime rate rattling is not as high as it was in the 90s to be encouraging. One thing I really do not enjoy is when an adult says something along the lines of, The world really isnt what it used to be, when referring to safety. As much as I do understand that back in the day things were much more relaxed and safer, all I can do is accept how the world is now and not let it shake up in t he way of my life. With the decline of the crime rate in the 90s due to abortion, it is a great feeling to think that where our world is, safety-wise, is not at its lowest point, and therefore we know that it can be handled.Overall I really enjoyed this book. Even the images I did not like truly much still caught my attention. An example of this is the section pertaining to how real estate agents may not try their actually hardest to get you the best deal. Although this makes absolute sense in the simplest manner, much like everything in this book, it is not the easiest to stomach. man the real estate agents only lose a couple hundred dollars in commission, a emptor or copeer can lose thousands of dollars because of an antsy real estate agent. Another example of a part that I did not like was the excerpt on the teachers cheating for their students. I was completely put clear up by this because in the end, the students ended up in a worse spot than where they were original. St andardized examination is put in place to make sure that no children fall too far tail end in school.While I dont believe in all of the repercussions of standardized test such as lack of funding for low scores or teachers solely teaching to the test, I do believe that standardized scrutiny does serve a really important purpose in schools. Standardized testing is a benchmark that the teachers should strive to reach for withevery child in their class. This testing ensures that kids are learning the fundamentals needed throughout life, such as reading comprehension and scathing thinking. The fact that the teachers were cheating for their children proved that the teachers did not believe they have done a good plenty job at teaching these fundamentals. These teachers therefore, while they believe the contrary, are doing a disservice to their students.The biggest thing I learned from Freakonomics was that economics is simple, sometimes so simple in fact that the general public a majo rity of the time over thinks it. Not only that, but economics can also be extremely interesting. This is because at the core of economics, is us. When I say us I mean, us, the people that buy and sell and keep the economy going. Without us, the economy would not exist. So essentially, the study of economics is the study of people and the decisions we make.

English as official language of the United States Essay

News from 2000 Census is that 49 percent of Hispanics in America be not fluent in face. They are the fastest growing minority in the joined States, representing 12. 5 percent of the population. The legal picture for Hispanics is also astonishing. EEOC complaints have more. than doubled in 5 years, and settlements have move to over $50 jillion. (Harrop, 2001) The inhabitants of the United States have never had some(prenominal) official verbiage. Over 6 % of primitive school children in the United States were instructed in German until the World War I.Over 45 million American republicals still state that their forefathers spoke German. Large scale immigration in the 20th snow led to the inhabitance of multilingual people deep down the US. Therefore, around 336 distinct run-ins are presently spoken which stop of 176 endemic dialects. More than 47 million American nationals wasting disease a language separate than side within their homes including 30 million Spanish spe akers. Since a significant number of US nationals feel cheerful while speaking a language other than side, the federal government should not make face the official language of the United States.The US Senate voted to select incline the official language and prohibited the hire of other languages for federal government orders and services. The 63-34 vote, on an amendment offered by the Oklahoma Republican James Inhofe, split the Senate on largely party lines, with only nine of the 44 Democrats vote for it, and just matchless Republican voting against. (Cornwell, 2006) Democratic minority flower Harry Reid identified this amendment as racist whereas Ken Salazar, a carbon monoxide Democrat of Hispanic origin, described it as divisive and anti-American.(Cornwell, 2006) Such a jurisprudence neglects any provisions for services in languages other than English. This would be a problematic situation for those Americans who cannot speak English fluently. This would also force new immigrants to have considerable knowledge of English language before they choose US nationality. It is surprising to note that English language voted out German by a residual of just one vote when it was selected as the official language of the US by Congressmen in the year 1795. (Cornwell, 2006)Enacted at the apex of the Great Society, the bilingual Education Act was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Johnson without a single voice draw outd in dissent. Americans have spent the retiring(a) 30 years debating what it was meant to accomplish. Was this 1968 law intended primarily to assimilate limited-English-proficient (LEP) children more efficiently? To teach them English as rapidly as possible? To encourage bilingualism and biliteracy? To remedy academic underachievement and high dropout rates? To raise the self-esteem of minority students?To boost social equality? Or to pursue each of these goals simultaneously? The legislative history of the bill provides no definitive answer. (Crawford, 50) English Only ride The English Only Movement (EOM), a movement initiated in the 1980s, is a sequel of the procedure of domestic colonialism. This will also lead to the demolition of the other languages which are spoken by minorities. In the year 1979, a Report by Carnegie Corporation pointed out that bilingual education was the preeminent genteel rights issue within Hispanic communities. (Penna, Shepherd, pg. 147) Bilingual education also became a key issue creating distress in the Mexican community inside the United States according to different researches carried out by the U. S. Civil Rights Commission ( 1967- 1975). Researches also reveled that the academic transcription inside the US was thought of as being against the cultural traditions of the Mexican population. This led to negative make including inferiority complexes amongst the Mexicans.There is no doubt in the fact that the eradication of a communitys traditions and customs is an ab use of the basic civil rights regarding the linguistic and cultural survival of a specific community. On the domestic level, the English Only amendment in the state of California was a triumph for those who support the use of English as an official language. It gave legal status to an issue that goes against biculturalism and bilingualism. During the period between 1986 and 1989, voters and legislators in cardinal states took into account plans analogous to the Californian amendment.This led to the appearance of 17 states with English as the official language. The English only tertiary house had been succeeded in bringing bilingual education policy to the leading frame of national debate, it includes questions, the approach of scientific teachings of bilingual education and it also contains a federal resolution in this could help English be official language of the United States. Law at the highest point of the undischarged cabaret, the bilingual education act was passed by con gress and it was signed to become a law by President Johnson without saying a single word against it.Americans, have spent thirty years in discussing that what it meant to achieve. Was this 1968 law intended primarily to assimilate limited-English-proficient (LEP) children more efficiently? To raise the self-esteem of minority students? To promote social equality? Or to pursue all of these goals simultaneously? The legislative history of the bill provides no definitive answer. (Crawford, 50) Melting Pot Theory The discussion over, if the United States is an assimilationist or form a society embracing many minority groups and culture traditions which are very old.There were some exchanging of views forcefully that United States is a melting pot, which means that people of various nations settle in America and forced to tally which means to become an American completely. The March 14 to 16 poll of 1,007 likely voters with a permissiveness of error of three percentage points showed that 63 percent of Americans would like to have ballots and voting materials only in English, compared with 35 percent who wanted them printed in English and other languages. (Lawmakers Push Official English, A06) Because these declarations repeat the drive of Myths of the Melting Pot, as well as spread throughout wrong psyches about languages which are mostly not challenged but nothing is supported by the record of history. In fact, history of the US language policy or lack of one both work at lower price than the crystal clear basis for official English and provide warning lessons about teaching actions to restrict languages which are seldom use.1. Unfavorable to myth, the United States has never been a basic speaking and/or using only one language country. By the period of time, one from eight of permanent inhabitants reported a languages background other than English in 1976, this is variety of nothing new but some skilled persons in languages or study of languages believe that the United States has been the habitant of more persons able to speak two languages than any other nation in the history of the world.As early as 1664, when the colony of the New Netherlands came into possession of British, eighteen different languages were spoken on Manhattan Island, not including the language spoken by the local inhabitants of America which were numbered more than quintuple hundred in North America at the time. 2. Considering the US history, the prevailing federal policy on languages has only maintained tolerance and adjustments. In spite of the language variety in 1787, the famous took no interest to protect or encourage English United States constituents.Because discussion were held in private and we essential depend on James Madisons informal notes, it is not clear, if any language issues came up during the federal agreement on social behavior in Philadelphia (Farrand 1913). But available facts strongly pop the question that our early leaders regarded language laws of any type as a cause of harm to civil freedom from captivity. 3. Recognizing about rarely spoken languages reflected bilingual and non-English language schools which were ordinary in many districts until the great time period of World War I.In 1710, British missionaries were invited to maintain schools among the Iroquois League of Ally States, with the pick out that students should be informed or taught with their national languages. Parts of bible which were translated in Mohawk language were include in the texts used. In 1802, Congress began a yearly devotion of ($15,000) to encourage civilization among the old inhabitants (before the arrival of colonists). This money was devoted to religious schools in which many schools were bilingual.4. The liberation policy on languages was the best and precedent policy for this country, but it is no upheld especially among people conquered and angry for supposed un-justice people living in colonies and some racial people . Attitudes of the 19th centuries towards their right of language were considerably less tolerant than say towards speakers of German, french or Scandinavian languages Conclusion As written in this paper, there are many slipway that lower part is being saved from being forgotten in the US.For his reason, it is important to be know by the mysterious ways in which this is happening. style is another simple of making sure that the classs position in society is prevailing. English as the nations dominant language is no more threatened at the turn of the 21st century than it was at the turn of the 20th. To the contrary, it is all the other languages that are endangered and would soon die out, if not for the replenishing effects of immigration. (Official English/English Only, n.p. ) It has been as issue for decades that some influential groups/people have been trying to restrict other languages and promote English Language. On the other hand, this policy has not been accepted and ap proved by the majority of Americans as it is discriminatory. This idea is not hidden that making English as the US official language is the agenda of duster Americans it also unveils the approach of White American as they dont want more immigrants from the third world countries.Works CitedCornwell, Rupert. May 20, 2006. At last, America has an official language (and yes, its English) Independent, The (London) James Crawford. Language Politics in the U. S. A. The Paradox of Bilingual Education. Journal Social Justice. Volume 25. Issue 3. Year 1998. knave Number 50 Maureen E. Harrop. Managing a Non-English-Speaking Workforce Hispanic Americans Brief Article Statistical Data Included. mod Machine Shop, Nov, 2001 http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3101/is_6_74/ai_79900955Accessed, April 21, 2007 Lawmakers Push Official English Bills Tied to Immigration Reform. The Washington Times. Publication engagement April 3, 2006. summon Number A06. Official English/English Only . n. d. http//www. elladvocates. org/englishonly. html Accessed, April 21, 2007 David Penna and George W. Shepherd Jr. racialism and the Underclass State Policy and Discrimination against Minorities. Publisher Greenwood Press. Place of Publication New York. Year 1991. Page Number 145.

Communication Case Essay

Ethics Case 4-7 Income Statement Presentation of Unusual LossRequirementThe Cranor smoke suffered $10 gazillion in expenses linked to a product recall. The company had endured product recalls in the early(prenominal) and they still occur in the business. To disposition revenue from continuing operations, Jim Dietz, the controller, wishes to describe the $10 million as an marvelous loss, instead of an expense included in operating income. He states to the CEO that the company has never had a product recall of this size and that the corporation fixed the design flaw and improved t unity control. The drawback is, in order for Jim to categorize the loss as an extraordinary item, he must view that the losses in the companys financial statements are infrequent and unusual. He must also take on this cause is not likely to occur again in the future profitability. (Spiceland, Sepe, & Nelson, 2013, p. 188) The Journal of Accountancy states that extraordinary items are gains and losse s that are corporal, and result from events that are both unusual and infrequent. (Extraordinary Items Share Exclusive follow , 2013) These criteria must be considered in light of the environment in which the entity operates. There obviously is a commodious degree of subjectivity involved in the determination. The concepts of unusual and infrequent require judgment. In making these judgments, an controller should keep in mind the overall objective of the income statement. The key question is how the event relates to a steadfasts future profitability. If it is judged that the event, because of its unusual nature and infrequency of occurrence, is not likely to occur again, separate account as an extraordinary item is warranted.The ethical plight faced by Jim Dietz and the companys nous executive officer is that it appears from the facts of the case that it would be difficult for the company to come to the conclusion that a material product recall is not likely to occur again i n the foreseeable future. This type of event has occurred before and is common in the industry. While a subjective judgment, extraordinary treatment of the $10 million does not appear warranted. Is the obligation of Jim and the CEO to maximize income from continuing operations, the companys position on the stock market and management bonuses stronger than their obligation to fairly present business relationship information to the users of financial statements? If they conciliate to go with Jims suggestion, it would be misleading to the shareholders and creditors well-nigh the lost suffered. The misrepresenting of the stakeholders and money market would be terrible and display wickedness, while if the corporation is straightforward with the market and shareholders it will demonstrate moral values and show that the corporation is working in the outdo interest of the investors by not misleading them when it comes to losses. In hejira 231-2 it speaks about bearing a false report.The New International Version states Do not spread false reports. Do not help a guilty person by be a malicious witness. Do not follow the crowd in doing wrong. With Jim and the CEO being in a management position, they are required to perform many activities in running the entity in the best interest of stakeholders. Their duties include leading and directing an entity, including making important decisions concerning the acquisition, deployment and control of human financial, physical and nonphysical resources. They are supposed to take the charge for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in harmony to the accounting policies. (Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, 2013)I think the Cranor Company should include the loss in their net income and continue with the product recall. Including the loss in their net income will show honesty to its stakeholders. They whitethorn not receive a bonus, but it is better for them to be honest than risk the consequences of lying about the loss. Leviticus 1911 says, Do not steal. Do not lie. Do not deceive one another. (The postulate Study Bible, New International Version, 1994) By seeing the scripture we can detect how this relates to accounting ethics. Leviticus 1911 explains that that we are not to steal, and ultimately mislead others. When we associate this verse to this ethical dilemma it would describe Jim Dietz and the company chief executive officer of deceiving the stock market into thinking that the loss was rightfully an extraordinary item on income statement when in reality, they are misleading them to get a bonus.ReferencesThe Quest Study Bible, New International Version. (1994). Grand Rapids Zondervan Publishing House. Extraordinary Items Share Exclusive Company . (2013, family 3). Retrieved from Journal of Accountancy http//www.journalofaccountancy.com/Issues/2007/May/ExtraordinaryItemsShareExclusiveCompany.htm Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Ac countants. (2013). New York International compact of Accountants. Spiceland, D., Sepe, J., & Nelson, M. (2013). Intermediate Accounting (7th ed.). New York McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Filipino Psychology Essay

Arts in the Philippines st inventioned even before the colonization of the country. It has different fields and expressions which are loosely religious. In any way, these inherent blinds are on the verge of knowence lost direct since the masses are all focused on foreign cultures forgetting their own. Painting Filipino house painting as a whole rear be seen as an amalgamation of many cultural influences, though it tends to be more than Western in its current form with Eastern roots. Early Filipino painting can be base in red slip (clay mixed with water) designs embellished on the ritual pottery of the Philippines much(prenominal) as the acclaimed Manunggul Jar.Evidence of Philippine pottery-making dated as former(a) as 6000 BC has been found in Sanga-sanga Cave, Sulu and Laurente Cave, Cagayan. It has been proven that by 5000 BC, the making of pottery was practiced throughout the country. Early Filipinos started making pottery before their Cambodian neighbors and at abou t the same time as the Thais as part of what appears to be a widespread Ice Age development of pottery engine room. Further evidences of painting are manifested in the stain tradition of early Filipinos, whom the Portuguese explorer referred to as Pintados or the Painted People of the Visayas.Various designs referencing industrial plant and fauna with heavenly bodies deco pass judgment their bodies in various colored pigmentation. Perhaps, some of the most elaborate painting done by early Filipinos that survive to the parade day can be manifested among the arts and computer computer architecture of the Maranao who are well known for the Naga Dragons and the Sarimanok carved and painted in the beautiful Panolong of their Torogan or Kings House. Filipinos began creating paintings in the European tradition during 17th century Spanish period.The earliest of these paintings were Church frescoes, religious mental imagery from Biblical sources, as well as engravings, sculptures and lithographs featuring Christian icons and European nobility. Most of the paintings and sculptures between the 19th, and 20th century produced a mixture of religious, political, and landscape art works, with qualities of sweetness, dark, and light. Early modernist painters, such as Damian Domingo, were associated with religious and secular paintings. The art of Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo showed a trend for political statement.Artist such as Fernando Amorsolo used post-modernism to produce paintings that illustrated Philippine culture, record and harmony. While other artist such as Fernando Zobel used realities and abstract on his work. In early 80s other unique folk artist exists, one of these is Elito Circa as amang pintor, the famous Filipino folk painter. He uses his own hair to make his paintbrushes, and signs his name with his own blood on the right side of his paintings. He real his own styles without professional training or guidance from masters. LiteratureThe literature o f the Philippines illustrates the Prehistory and European colonial legacy of the Philippines, written in both Indigenous and Hispanic writing outline. Most of the conventional literatures of the Philippines were written during the Mexican and Spanish period. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, Filipino, Tagalog, English and other native Philippine languages. just about of the well-known Filipino literatures are Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, Florante at Laura, Ibong Adarna and among others which are still being studied by Filipino students nowadays.Dance Philippine folk dances include the Tinikling and Carinosa. In the southern region of Mindanao, Singkil is a popular dance showcasing the story of a prince and princess in the forest. Bamboo poles are arranged in a tic-tac-toe pattern in which the dancers exploit every position of these clashing poles. Music The early medicament of the Philippines featured a mixture of Indigenous, Islamic and a variety of Asian sou nds that flourished before the European and American colonization in the 16th and 20th centuries.Spanish settlers and Filipinos played a variety of musical instruments, including flutes, guitar, ukelele, violin, huntsmans horn and drums. They performed songs and dances to celebrate festive occasions. By the 21st century, many of the folk songs and dances have remained intact throughout the Philippines. Some of the groups that perform these folk songs and dances are the Bayanihan, Filipinescas, Barangay-Barrio, Hariraya, the Karilagan Ensemble, and groups associated with the guilds of Manila, and Fort Santiago theatres.Many Filipino musicians have raised bulge such as the composer and conductor Antonio J. Molina, the composer Felipe P. de Leon, known for his nationalistic themes and the opera singer Jovita Fuentes. Modern day Philippine music features several styles. Most music genres are contemporary such as Filipino rock, Filipino hip hop and other musical styles. Some are traditi onal such as Filipino folk music. Architecture The Nipa hut (Bahay Kubo) is the mainstream form of housing. It is characterized by use of simple materials such as bamboo and coconut as the main sources of wood.Cogon grass, Nipa palm leaves and coconut fronds are used as crownwork thatching. Most primitive homes are built on stilts due to frequent flooding during the rainy season. regional variations include the use of thicker and denser roof thatching in mountain areas, or longer stilts on coastal areas especially if the structure is built over water. The architecture of other indigenous peoples may be characterized by angular wooden roofs, bamboo in place of leafy thatching and ornate wooden carvings. The Spaniards introduced stones as housing and building materials.The knowlight-emitting diodegeableness of Christianity brought European churches, and architecture which subsequently became the center of most towns and cities. Spanish architecture can be found in Intramuros, Vigan , Iloilo, Jaro and other parts of the Philippines. Islamic and other Asian architecture can also be seen depicted on buildings such as mosques and temples. The Coconut Palace is an example of Philippine Architecture. Contemporary architecture has a distinctively Western style although pre-Hispanic housing is still common in rural areas.American style suburban-gated communities are popular in the cities, including Manila, and the surrounding provinces. Cinema The advent of the miserable picture theater of the Philippines can be traced back to the early days of filmmaking in 1897 when a Spanish theater owner screened imported touching pictures. The formative years of Philippine cinema, starting from the 1930s, were a time of discovery of film as a parvenue medium of expressing artworks. Scripts and characterizations in films came from popular theater shows and Philippine literature.In the 1940s, Philippine cinema brought the reason of reality in its film industry. Nationalistic films became popular, and movie themes consisting primarily of war and heroism and proved to be successful with Philippine audiences. The 1950s saw the first golden age of Philippine cinema, with the emergence of more artistic and mature films, and significant improvement in cinematic techniques among filmmakers. The studio system produced frenetic bodily process in the Philippine film industry as many films were made annually and several local anaesthetic talents started to gain recognition abroad.Award-winning filmmakers and actors were first introduced during this period. As the decade drew to a close, the studio system monopoly came under siege as a result of labor-management conflicts. By the 1960s, the artistry established in the previous(prenominal) years was in decline. This era can be characterized by rampant commercialism in films. The mid-seventies and 1980s were considered turbulent years for the Philippine film industry, bringing both positive and negative changes.T he films in this period dealt with more serious topics following the Martial law era. In addition, action, western, drama, adult and comedy films developed further in picture quality, sound and writing. The 1980s brought the arrival of alternative or independent cinema in the Philippines. The 1990s saw the emerging popularity of drama, teen-oriented romantic comedy, adult, comedy and action films. The Philippines, being one of Asias earliest film industry producers, remains undisputed in terms of the highest level of theater opening in Asia.Over the years, however, the Philippine film industry has registered a steady decline in movie viewership from 131 million in 1996 to 63 million in 2004. From a high production rate of 350 films a year in the 1950s, and 200 films a year during the 1980s, the Philippine film industry production rate declined in 2006 to 2007. The 21st century saw the rebirth of independent filmmaking through the use of digital technology and a number of films have once again earned nationwide recognition and prestige. II. PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION.The aesthesis of freedom that goes with the realization that psychology need non be imported from the United States of America brought new vigor, new meanings, and new directions for Philippine psychology. An intriguing redefinition of psychology itself is foreseen with the Filipino psychologists growing interest in the arts. Imbued with dynamism and a commitment to indigenous Filipino psychology in music and the arts, Felipe de Leon Jr. led the Sikolohiyang Pilipino movement as the fifth president of the association, promoting consciousness in peoples arts.De Leon distinguishes peoples art from specialist art. The first includes traditional, indigenous, ethnic and folk art. To be sure, peoples art exist everywhere in the country, especially among our rural and urban populations whose education is more or less same with the life process in the community rather than with the artificially structure d, essentially theoretical, mental learning that occurs in a formal setting such as a school. It is an art integrated in innumerous ways, with everyday concerns, interests, functions and activities.Specialist art on the other hand, is a product of the individuals who received formal reading and training in liberal arts, fine arts, literature, music, dance, drama or film in schools. Folk art reflects the concept of kapwa and is a rich source for understanding the Filipino worldview. The openness, as well as the present gradual development of mass-based artists whose aesthetic interests lie in depicting the peeks, depths, hardships and aspirations of contemporary Filipino life undoubtedly touch on pakikiisa, the highest level of kapwa psychology.Delineating the Filipino psychology and worldview is a contribution towards liberationby non simply describing the Filipino outlook as seen in his arts, in his behavior and culture, but in moving him to action on the basis of his own world view and on his own terms. The surge of interest in the arts changes the self-image of the Filipino psychologists themselves and, perhaps, even their identity. After all, it can be argued that psychologists must move closer to art not in order to avoid psychology but precisely to approach its very core.

My Goals As a Professional in Both The Country I Intend To Practice and the Developing Countries

I am very passionate about medicine partly because I grew up in a similar environment for twenty one familys. My mother and grandfather dedicate medicate back at home. Owing to the principle of nature that we are what we repeatedly do, I got into the habit of constantly working with and helping the sick at a tender age.But to exalt my family for the passion without acknowledging the experiences that have shape me would be like noticing the beauty of the rain more(prenominal)over failing to realize that it has enriched the soil. I remember vividly some time back the friendship and laughter I shared with one Francisca-a 14 year old girl in a high groom with children suffering from cerebral palsy, but like a shot as I speak, she is no more.I also remember the grievous old days when my grandfather-one that I sexual love so much, was wellnessy, energetic, and full of life, but today as days go by, he gradually becomes weak, wear upon and uncertain of what life has in store fo r him. He suffers from COPD a disease that takes your life over time. It weakens the work of your lungs with years until one resort s to using different oxygen masks to breath through.These few but life changing experiences fueled my drive to help people in similar or crimson worse situations. My purpose of seeking for this sponsorship therefore is to enable me attain the academic requirements and skills that cut across the board.It is also on the basis of the fact that United States is far ahead with technological advancement, a good commercialise place for doctors and hospitals which constitute a good market base for enrichment of knowledge and skill.Besides this, I intend to practice in United States with the view of contributing to the social and economic development by helping the free access aesculapian care easily and disseminate tuition.As established by various researches, America is rated as one of the poor providers of medical care as compared to other developed sta tes. This is because health care in the States is governed by the free market mechanism where the self interests of individuals health wise is directed by bring out and demand principle. This in my view depicts that the health care system in the United States to be more of a private affair where the government plays a minimal role through government economic aid programs.This in my view is not sufficient. As a result, millions of Americans are missing out on good health care thus lowering their life expectancy, standard of living, leverage and so on. It is noteworthy that health care is one of the fundamental rights envisioned in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the American Constitution- every one is entitled to equal opportunity (Dolores la Guardia and Guth, P. H. (2000)., thus the issue should take protuberance in governments budgetary allocation.In view of this therefore, my purpose and goal therefore while practicing in America would be to assist in bridging the disparity by offering free consultative services and dissemination of information regarding good health care practices in schools, hospitals and organizations to enhance the living standards as well as diminution of costs with regard to medical expenses.I am certain that with the exposure in St Georges medical school would give me a wide range of experience that cuts across the board if given a chance.In pact with the foregoing, I leave behind strive to work in close connection with developing countries to help abate epidemiological diseases through facilitating contacts to ensure that sharing of information, skills and experience is possible. While dealing with the above consideration will be made on social ,political, economic and technical situation of the developing countries.The purpose of my projection would be with the aim of phasing out the deployment of expatriates and replacing it with partnership model so as reduce medical costs.I feel strongly that by focusing on t he above issues, I will be qualification my contribution to humanity and giving back to the society. I therefore request that you consider my application for a sponsorship as this will go a long way in assisting me to realize my professional objectives of reservation the world a better place.ReferencesDolores la Guardia and Guth, P. H. (2000). American Voices, Culture and Community.Toronto. Mayfield Publishing Co.